The development of the transportation system is designed to support the development of the economy, the national stability and inter-regional equality as well as distribution to realize the Indonesian Archipelagic Outlook.
In Repelita VI, the Government developed a national transportation system with special attention to undeveloped areas, mainly in eastern Indonesia, improved town transportation that supports industry, agriculture, trade and tourism and increased the quality of transportation means and infrastructures, the community's role, human resources and technology.
To achieve those targets, transportation is developed through eight (8) programs, comprise five (5) main programs and three (3) supporting programs.
The main programs cover the development of the national transportation system, the construction of roads and bridges and improvement of land, sea and air transportation.
The supporting programs cover the development of meteorology and geophysics, improvement of search and rescue, the promotion of education and training and development of transportation resources.
The national transportation system in the fourth year of Repelita VI developed several strategic concepts and basic policies on the transportation system, in accordance with national space planning aimed at supporting economic development.
Besides, the Government conducted various studies and researches to help the concept of the national transportation system.
During four years of Repelita VI, the road network was rehabilitated.
The construction of new roads and bridges was directed towards opening remote areas, developing urban, transmigration and production areas and supporting the development of strategic locations.
In 1997/98, the Government rehabilitated 33,482 km of roads and 8,636 meters of bridges. If compared with those in 1996/97, it showed and increase of 3.3% and 8.7% respectively.
The improvement of strategic roads and reconstruction of artery and collateral roods, and bridges was to support the development of fast growing regions and industrial development centers, serve container transportation and port access.
In 1997/98, 5,540 km of artery and access roads were improved and 16,184 meters of bridges reconstructed. Meanwhile, 9,794 km of local roads were improved and 21,595 meters of local bridges reconstructed. If compared with those in 1996/97, where 5,773 km of artery and accers roads were improved there was a decline of four (4) percent. Meanwhile 15.222 meters of arteries and access bridges were improved showing a rise of 6.3%. The construction of roads and bridges is aimed at opening remote areas, not accessible by road transportation.
In 1997/98, the Government constructed 1,221 km of artery and collateral roads and 4,790 meters of bridges. Meanwhile, the Government constructed 42 km of toll roads. If compared with 1996/97, the construction of artery and access roads decreased by 34%, while toll roads rose to 83%.
In 1997/98, 62,932 km artery and access roads were kept in good condition or an increase of 6.6% or compared with that in 1996/97 with only 59,020 km. Meanwhile 3,668 km of unstable roads in 1997/98, was 51,6% less if compared to that of 1996/97 with 7,580 km. Of 66,600 km of artery and collateral roads in 1997/98, 94.5% was in good condition.
Expansion of the road network and their improvement promoted other development activities leading to the people's welfare, before the monetary crisis, serving 13.7 million vehicles in the first year of Repelita VI and rose to 17.7 million by the fourth year.
In the first year of Repelita VI, 121.7 million passengers and 16.7 million tons of freight were transported. It grew to 158,7 million passengers and 19.1 million tons of freight in the fourth year of Repelita. The number of passenger transported by river, lake and ferry also rose from 63 million passengers in the first year to 82.2 million passengers in the fourth year of Repelita VI.
Meanwhile, 28.6 million tons of freight were transported in the first year of Repelita VI rising to 32.5 million tons in the fourth year.
At the end of Repelita V, 13.0 million vehicles served road transportation and grew to 17.7 million vehicles by the fourth year.
Within the limits of the state budget, the development of road facilities in 1997/98 was to give priority to certain regions, where accidents could easily happen by supplying and installing 6,833 road signs, 38 traffic lights, 392,570 meters of surface signs and 51,260 meters of safety fences and continue the construction of an Automatic Traffic Control System (ATCS) in Bandung.
RIVER, LAKE AND FERRY TRANSPORTATION
The development of river, lake and ferry transportation is aimed at providing better access to the hinterland, border and remote areas, especially in eastern Indonesia.
In the efforts to support undeveloped Indonesian regions, the Government subsidies river, lake, ferry transportation by operating ferries.
Therefore, in 1997/98, the Government built nine (9) pioneer ships and 10 ferry quays, 17 river quays and three (3) lake quays.
Besides, the Government rehabilitated several ferry and river quays, improved the safety of transportation by putting up ferry and river signs and cleaned 125 km of water ways.
Meanwhile the Government distributed funds to supply five (5) fast ferries serving Jakarta-Surabaya, Banjarmasin-Surabaya and Balikpapan - Pare-Pare lines to ease off these transportation routes.
In 1997/98, the Government added 64 routes of pioneer ferry lines or an increase of 23% if compared to that of the previous year, in the routes to eastern Indonesia.
In 1997/98, ferry lines in Indonesia were supported by 168 ships and seven (7) water-trucks, of which 91 were owned by the private sectors and the rest owned by the state-run company PT. ASDP.
The number of passengers, freight and vehicles going by river, lake and ferry transportation in 1997/98 increased by 4.9%, 4.4% and 4.6% respectively, if compared with those in 1996/97.
The development of sea transportation covers the improvement of shipping safety; expansion of seaport facilities and the promotion of shipping fleets.
Those three activities are directed towards supporting the smooth flow of freight and passengers. With a greatly revised State Budget in 1997/98, the Government constructed 2,576 square meters of seaport facilities, including 1,529 square meters or 59.9% of pioneer quays, rehabilitated 8,309 square meters of quays, built 2,475 square meters of warehouses, rehabilitated 1,250 square meters of warehouses and constructed 119,228 square meters of open storage and 3,395 square meters of passenger terminals.
To improve shipping safety in Indonesian territorial waters the Government installed supporting navigation means, in 1997/98 consisting of 17 light houses, 49 light signs and 6 radio communication equipment while 13.3 million cubic meters of mud in the main shipping lines were dredged.
The national shipping fleet is grouped into the Nusantara Shipping, Traditional Shipping, Pioneer Shipping, Special Shipping and Overseas Shipping Fleets.
In 1997/98, the Nusantara Shipping Fleet operated 1,314 ships with a capacity of 4,215,945 DWT, transporting 70,557,541 tons of cargo. In 1996/97, there were 79 ships transporting 9,236,906 tons of cargo. With the addition of one ship in 1997/98, 4,382,606 persons were transported or a 4.9% rise compared with that in 1996/97.
n 1997/98, the Traditional Shipping Fleet was the same as the previous year, but its capacity decreased to 397,616 DWT. while 8,582,171 tons of cargo were carried, an increase of 257,872 tons or 3.1% if compared with that in 1996/97.Pioneer shipping is the Government's effort to provide sea transportation services in remote areas, not served yet by other transportation modes.
In 1997/98, the Government operated 37 pioneer shipping trajects served by 37 ships. This was one (1) traject and one (1) ship more than the previous year.
Meanwhile, the number of harbors being called fell to 277 locations with a frequency of 23 times.
The number of passengers in 1997/98 increased to 314,776 persons or 6.2%, if compared with that in 1996/97. On the other hand, 1997/98. the cargo dropped to 98,929 tons or 10.3%, if compared with that in 1996/97.
The Special Shipping Fleet received 2 units, but there was no change in the same period. Only 281,513,187 tons were transported a drop of 36,855,029 tons or 11.6%, it compared with that in 1996/97.
In 1997/98, 37 ships with a capacity of 386,057 DWT carried 39,715,797 tons of cargo, or decreased 11.6% if compared with that in 1996/97.
The development of air transport covers the improvement of airport facilities and flight safety, management of air traffic and promotion of the air fleet.
In the fourth years of Repelita VI, the Government lengthened 35,947 square meters of runways, constructed and expanded 7,607 square meters of passenger terminals, built 5,167 square meters of operational supporting buildings. The Government built Buli-Airport in Maluku to open isolated areas.
In 1997/98, the capability of big airports was the same as in 1996/97 namely seven (7) airports serve B-747, six (6) airports serve DC-10/MD-11/A-300, 14 airports serve DC-9/B-737, 16 airports serve F-28 and 24 airports only serve F-27/CN-235.
However, the number of small airports serving Cassa-212 increased from 199 in 1996/97 to 120 in 1997/98 with the addition of Buli Airport.
The Government has opened 23 airports as the gateway of international flights from Medan, Pakanbaru, Palembang, Tanjung Pinang, Jakarta, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado, Jayapura, Biak, Merauke, Ambon, Kupang, Denpasar, Padang, Balikpapan, Surabaya, Surakarta, Batam, Banda Aceh, Bandung, Mataram and Ujung Pandang, of which, 21 airports serve foreign airline companies.
In the efforts to develop and regenerate airplanes in 1997/98, the State-owned companies had rented several planes. In June 1998, 114 planes operated on scheduled flights. It dropped by 16% if compared with that in 1996/97, due to the present monetary crisis.
In 1997/98, the number of passengers and cargo carried by the national fleet on domestic routes fell by 6.2% for passengers and increased by 0.9% for cargo traffic.
In 1997/98, the number of passengers carried by pioneer flights increased by 12.6%.
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